A problem in civil engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A problem in civil engineering - Essay Example The effects of civil engineering to the environment start from its construction to its use i.e. the use of vehicles on the already built roads. All these have contributed to the environmental pollution. The most areas that civil engineering affects in the environment include the air, water and it defragments the habitats. All these effects are the main contributors of climate change (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 29). The main origin of this pollution is the construction sites. This is where all the activities take place. The main products in the construction site are the waste products. Construction is one of the economic activities that use natural resources but it produces wastes to the environment. These wastes are produced in very high quantities that cannot be disposed easily. There accumulation increasing in very short time. These wastes can be in form of gas, sand, stones, ceramic or glass. Other dangerous products include wood treated with metal oxides and the paints. All these wast es are produced in large quantities yet they cannot be recycled. This has given engineers hard times in trying to either to disposes or recycle them. Other products can be recycled but the problem is that they are already contaminated. Civil engineers have been forced to buy some landfills in order to dispose the wastes there. Deposition can be very hard more especially where some people refuse to sell their landfills for deposition (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 34). The construction wastes caused a lot of contamination on both land and the water. During construction, the fluids used are the main pollutants to the environment. At times, these fluids are pumped into the sewage but they also damage the sewage plants. For these plants to be repaired, they require high cost and this cause too much inconveniences to the authorities involved. To avoid all these problems, all waste paint used should be collected and recycled. Furthermore, water used for washing contains a lot of suspensions that may also cause some inconveniences in the sewage treatment. Construction also causes emission of dust and other gases into the air leading to air pollution. With increase in this air pollution, it leads to climate change. Dust can also cause visual impact. This leads to invisibility. Construction sites are also full of noise. Noise is air pollution. Noise is generated by the heavy machineries used for construction. However it is very important to research on the effects of civil engineering on the environment. The main objective of the research is to find the various ways in which the civil engineering activities affect the environment and the possible ways of reducing these effects (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 37). Task 2 Despite the positive impacts that civil engineering entails, there are also negative effects that the activity brings to the environment. These negative effects are increase as the civil engineering intensifies in most parts of the world. The need of more civil construc tions has made it difficult to reduce these civil engineering effects on the environment. However, there is a need to look at the way this civil construction affects the climate and to deduce the possible ways to reduce it. Research should be done to identify then factors that accelerate these effects and the ways of controlling the menace should be put in place. The hypothesis of this research is to identify how civil engineering affects the environment a

Building a Catupult Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building a Catupult - Research Paper Example Range : The range is the distance covered by the ball after launch. The maximum range for parabolic path which the ball covers can be obtained at an angle of 45Â °. The horizontal distance from the point of launch to the point where the ball falls gives the range. 2. Trajectory : It is the path covered the ball, from the catapult after the launch the trajectory of the ball is parabolic. 3. Velocity : The rate of change of displacement is termed as the velocity. For a parabolic path the velocity of ball will be taken as the horizontal and vertical component of velocity at different points. 4. Newton’s three laws are applied in the working of the catapult. The first law states an object continues to remain in its state of rest or motion until and unless an external force is applied. The ball starts motion only after the sling or in our catapult the throwing arm is pressed and released and it stops where the forces due to gravity, air resistance etc. stop the ball. Second law st ates that force is directly proportion to the acceleration of the body and acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass, increasing the mass of projectile or ball will decrease acceleration and force required will increase. Third law states that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, the ball accelerates towards earth, the earth also accelerates due to the ball but the acceleration of earth due to ball is so negligible that it does not have any effect. Future engineering: The length of the arm and the overall size can be adjusted proportionately according to the range required to cover. Apart from this depending on the mass of the projectile that has to be thrown the type of material can be selected that withstands the load. May be more of metal than wood next time I rebuild the catapult. This was scope for building advanced catapults according to our range requirements. For more projects in future I would begin with a study of the history of design of the pa rticular project I choose. I’ll then choose the most appropriate kind of design that suits my requirements. After the necessary mathematical calculations according to the conditions and requirements will start with a rough design .The model can be prepared and tested. Changes will be made accordingly as per the results required till we reach close the desired results. Working in team is always efficient than working individually. The best abilities of everyone in the team come together to give good results .Working with a partner enabled to overcome my areas of weakness and we were able to complement each other’s specialisation. Also operating the model that is the catapult in our current project is not possible to handle alone. Once the catapult is fixed to the launching position it is necessary for someone to check the barrier so that the arm doesn’t slip while the other person launches the ball. Then to keep the record of the range ( i.e. the point where the ball falls and the time it takes) someone has to be there to keep a check. Teamwork was also enjoying and less stressful as the partners always encouraged and monitored continuously each other’s mistakes. The project work has been really interesting as the theoretical concepts became clear as we learned to apply them. This also encourages to take up more projects in future and work together to innovate new ideas. Physics involved in the building of catapult : The velocity