The National Income Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The National Income - Essay Example In this manner, net fares mean the distinction what a nation can deliver and what it really expends. On the off chance that the yield it produces is deficient to fulfill utilization, venture, and government uses, it will in general source yield from different nations. Then again, the net capital surge is the distinction between local reserve funds and residential speculation while the exchange balance is appeared as the aggregate sum that the nation gets for its net fares. Through the national salary character talked about above, it very well may be seen that net capital outpouring is consistently equivalent to the nation's exchange balance. In the event that the exchange balance and the net capital surge is certain, the nation is running an exchange surplus which implies that it is a loan specialist in the universal monetary market and that its fares is more noteworthy than its imports. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that it is negative, it is running an exchange deficiency which implies that it is a borrower in the money related market and imports is more prominent than sends out. Following from this, the effect of any strategy on the equalization of exchange can be distinguished and surveyed by thinking about its impact in the nation's reserve funds and speculation. Sensibly, any strategy which makes reserve funds and venture increment bolsters an exchange excess while one which causes decrease in reserve funds and speculation will prompt an exchange deficiency. So as to ... There are two sort of trade rates: ostensible which is the general cost of money of two nations while genuine is the overall cost of merchandise of two nations. These two are connected as in the genuine conversion scale is equivalent to the ostensible swapping scale duplicated by the proportion of value levels in the two nations. Along these lines, if the genuine swapping scale is high, outside products are moderately modest, and local merchandise are generally costly. Then again, if the genuine conversion scale is low, outside products are moderately costly, and local merchandise are generally modest. The genuine swapping scale is straightforwardly identified with net fares as in when genuine conversion standard is high and residential merchandise are more affordable, it is normal that net fares will be more prominent as local products will offer more to different nations and fares are higher. Another determinant of genuine swapping scale is net capital outpouring. It ought to be noticed that the balance genuine conversion scale is the rate at which the amount of net fares requested equivalents to the net capital surge. Then again, since the ostensible swapping scale is dictated by the costs of items in a single nation contrasted with the other, the value level is its most critical determinant. Observational proof shows that the significant level of expansion which makes household products evaluated higher will in general reason a deteriorating money. Part 12 The Mundell-Fleming model has been perceived as a predominant strategy worldview for the investigation of open-economy money related and financial arrangement. It is equivalent to the IS-LM Model as in both underline the cooperation between the merchandise and currency showcase. Additionally, these models expect that cost is fixed while indicating what influences short-run

Product Hunt Books A new opportunity for discoverability

Item Hunt Books another open door for discoverability Item Hunt Books: another open door for discoverability? We as a whole know the significance of a book’s â€Å"launch.† That second when you at long last dispatch your characters into the outside world and put them helpless before your perusers. That second when, if you’re distributing carefully, everything becomes about creation companions with Amazon’s little elves.Once you’ve let your mailing list, Twitter adherents and Facebook fans think about your new book, it becomes time to search for new perusers, spots and audiences.Product Hunt Books may be one to emphatically consider. While acclaimed in the â€Å"tech† space, the Product Hunt site is a lot lesser-known among creators, and that is the place the open door lies (as there is less rivalry!). To let Reedsy perusers find out about it, we figured out how to talk with Erik Torenberg, establishing group memberâ of Product Hunt and Product Hunt Books, to reveal to us progressively about the stage and how you can utilize it. We've included our ow n Reedsy feeling the issue in italic right underâ his answers.You can likewise look at Reedsy Discovery, our foundation that enables non mainstream writers to pick up surveys and presentation for their books!Interviewing Product Hunt establishing colleague Erik TorenbergHi Erik, it’s a respect to have you on the Reedsy Blog! For our non-nerd perusers, would you be able to let us know rapidly what Product Hunt is all about?Product Hunt is a spot to find new and unfamiliar items - from applications and sites to games and books - and talk about them with other great individuals. It developed from a basic email rundown to discuss applications and sites into a site where individuals began â€Å"hunting† applications and destinations as well as books, games, motion pictures, music, etc.More on Product Hunt: Erik’s really being very humble. Item Hunt is the pioneer in tech item revelation. Last time Reedsy was â€Å"hunted† there, we got a gigantic spike in rus h hour gridlock, and extraordinary input from early adopters: https://www.producthunt.com/tech/reedsy-2The way it works is: individuals â€Å"hunt† (submit) items, and the custodians select a not many that are included on the point of arrival. Clients can then â€Å"upvote† the items they like most in the wake of perusing increasingly about them on their item chase page. The items that get to the top are then chosen for Product Hunt’s every day and week by week newsletters.A barely any months back, you propelled Product Hunt Books. What was the speculation behind it? Why books?We propelled books for a couple of reasons. To begin with, individuals began chasing books on the primary producthunt.com site: Peter Thiel’s Zero to One did quite well, Ashlee Vance’s memoir of Elon Musk did well indeed, Eric Ries’ new book did well overall, etc.More significantly, I’m a major fanatic of books! I love to peruse, and I understood that we had a g reat deal of perusers on Product Hunt. I knew Eric Ries had begun a book club and that it had gone truly well, so I chose to make one too and a couple thousand individuals participated in just to start.A parcel of distributers and writers are persuaded there is an immense â€Å"content discoverability† issue in the book distributing industry. Okay concur with that? Does Product Hunt Books target unraveling it?Yeah, I think there’s a substance discoverability issue for books. There are such huge numbers of books out there however I need to peruse stuff that has been curated for me by either individuals who I truly regard and follow or by my dear companions. So we’re truly putting resources into â€Å"collections† to make that conceivable: we have an assortment by Mark Cuban, Eric Ries, and numerous more.More on assortments: Collections likewise exist on the general Product Hunt site and work truly well. Here’s a model: https://www.producthunt.com/e/ devices for-essayists: we get traffic originating from that one on a normal basis.For the fate of Product Hunt Books, assortments speak to an immense open door for writers and perusers. They offer each peruser the chance to â€Å"curate† their own rundown of books, in a significantly more rich way then Goodreads. At that point, individuals can â€Å"follow† assortments, a similar way you would follow a book analyst or blogger. As Product Hunt turns out to be less â€Å"tech-oriented† and accumulates a more generalistic following, PHB assortments could get probably the greatest player in book discoverability.How are the books included on the Product Hunt Books page chosen each day?We’ve got a group of keepers who essentially observe the feed of submitted books and select which books to let through on the point of arrival consistently. Those caretakers have been checked by us and are individuals who’ve been acquainted with Product Hunt for some time now.If I’m a peruser, how does Product Hunt Books work? Are there any â€Å"perks† to utilizing Product Hunt to locate my next book? Do creators offer limits on Product Hunt?Yes, a few creators will do â€Å"exclusives† for Product Hunt: for Neil Strauss we did a selective of the initial not many sections. We’ll do different things like that where perusers get the initial not many sections for nothing, or elite pre-launches.If you’re a writer, we’d love to do manages you to offer something unique to Product Hunt perusers. Some distributing houses need us to do tests and studies, and we’re enthusiastic about doing that. We’re additionally exceptionally open on working with individuals who are independently publishing and going outside of the conventional route.Some creators have immense followings. Aren’t you stressed that they’ll simply welcome all their current perusers to decide in favor of their book once itâ⠂¬â„¢s been â€Å"hunted†?Yes, that can generally be a worry, when Ashton Kutcher or Snoop Dogg post something on Product Hunt for instance - they have a huge number of devotees. In any case, the Product Hunt people group is so huge as of now that more often than not, it’s not going to be sufficient to move the needle. At the point when Snoop posts something it now and again goes to the top, however once in a while likewise doesn’t. Creators don’t have a greater number of devotees than those folks do, so I’m not very stressed over it!Testimonials from creators and publishersOf course, you don’t need to take Erik’s word for it. Here are two tributes from individuals whose books have been included on Product Hunt Books.Reedsy - The Fundraising Field GuideYou may recall that we distributed a book at Reedsy a couple of months back. As it was a â€Å"tech† book on gathering pledges, we imagined that Product Hunt Books would be the i deal crowd for it. Also, we were correct, we got a decent spike on the day it was included and more than 100 upvotes on the book: producthunt.com/books/gathering pledges field-guideWhat now for Product Hunt Books?To summarize, Product Books speaks to not just a wonderful promoting channel for writers who compose for a well informed crowd. It likewise presents major new open door for the entire book industry on the off chance that it figures out how to build up itself as a significant player in the â€Å"book discovery† game. We can see that event: regarding client experience and plan, and through its â€Å"collections†, it is, in principle, a greatly improved stage for perusers than, state, Goodreads. The inquiry is whether it will have the option to break out of its â€Å"techy† notoriety and go standard to contact a more extensive assortment of perusers, and genres.In the interim, on the off chance that you have another discharge and need to check whether Prod uct Hunt can be beneficial for you, present your book here: https://www.producthunt.com/books/new and afterward trust the little PH mythical people to make it rise. They’re generally more pleasant than the Amazon ones.Check out the present chased book on the Product Hunt Books page!Do you think Product Hunt Books can turn into a significant player in book disclosure? Have you had your book highlighted there? If it's not too much trouble leave us your contemplations and encounters in the remarks underneath and join the discussion!

Financial Aid FAQs Common questions about paying for SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financial Aid FAQs Common questions about paying for SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We often tell students that as much as you plan for graduate school, you should also be planning for the tuition and payments side of it. But we understand its a process, and were here to walk you through the process. Our financial aid officers have compiled a list of frequently asked questions to help with concerns about student loans, work study, billing, and payment. Student Loans I was only awarded the Direct Unsubsidized Loan for $20,500 but I need more funding. What are my options? When you submit the FAFSA, we can package you with the Direct Unsubsidized Loan because it does not require a credit check or additional application. For graduate students, the annual cap for the Unsubsidized Loan is $20,500; however, you can also apply for a Graduate PLUS loan. If you have already received your award notification, please see the Documents Messages page of NetPartner. Beneath the section labeled “Unmet Financial Need,” you will find the application and you will see your remaining amount of need which  is the maximum you can borrow in a Graduate PLUS or similar private loan. When do I need to apply for loans/complete entrance counseling/sign the promissory notes? We recommend you have your aid in place no later than early August. Please log in to NetPartner and be sure to accept your awards on the Accept Awards tab and review the Documents Messages page for any outstanding materials. When and how will the loan be disbursed? Loans are divided evenly between the terms you are enrolled and disbursed to your Columbia student account at the beginning of each semester. If I borrowed loans to cover living expenses, how and when will that money be refunded to me? We strongly encourage you to set up direct deposit (click here for instructions). Any amount you borrowed in excess of the tuition and fees for the semester will be issued as a refund to you by the second week of classes after the loan has disbursed to your student bill and after you have registered for classes (assuming you have also completed all the necessary steps on NetPartner). Can international students borrow student loans? There are private lenders who make loans available to international students, but most require a US citizen to co-sign. Find a list of suggested lenders here. Work Study Do I have to accept Federal Work Study? How does it work? Will it be paid towards the bill? How do I find a job? Should I wait until I know my class schedule to look for a job? If you were eligible for work study, it was included in your financial aid notification. You are not required to accept it. You will need to find an eligible position and then the money will be paid out to you like a regular salary subject to taxes (it is not applied to your bill). We recommend you start searching for positions and then you can work out the specific schedule after you are hired. More info, including how to search for positions, is here. Billing Payment The SIPA Financial Aid Office does not charge tuition or collect payment. The office responsible for these procedures is the Student Financial Services Office. Find more information here; SFS can be reached at 212-854-4400. When will I receive my first bill? The fall statement will be issued August 13th  and due September 14th. The full schedule is available here. What happens with the admission deposit I paid? It will be applied towards the charges for the first semester you are enrolled and you will see the credit on Student Services Online (SSOL) when you review your student account. Is there a payment plan? Yes. Information on the monthly payment plan is available here. Can I wire money from a foreign bank to pay my bill? Yes. Please click here for more information. Can I waive the health insurance and health services fee? Domestic full-time students can waive coverage if they have alternate coverage that meets the criteria; see here. The waiver for the fall term is due September 30th. Students cannot waive the Health Services Fee. If I’m living in Columbia housing, will my rent be on the bill? Most students in University housing will see their room charges on their bills. My employer/sponsor is going to pay my bill and needs to receive an invoice from Columbia. What do I do?   You will need to set up third-party billing. Please also email our office with a copy of your sponsorship letter. I’m receiving an external scholarship. Do I notify you? Where can they send the payment? Please email our office the details. They can mail the check to: Attn: Payments Deposits Office Student Financial Services 205 Kent Hall 1140 Amsterdam Avenue New York, NY 10027 Other Helpful Resources at Columbia University: International Students Scholars Office Office of Military and Veterans Affairs

The Poisonwood Bible, And The Movie - 1399 Words

Many countries are becoming multi-cultural due to the immigration of people of diverse ethnicities. According to Statistics Canada, one out of five people in the country are immigrants, arising in a 20.6 percent of the population. This will continually increase, as new immigrants are arriving every year into the country due to fleeing an inhospitable environment, war, or finding a better lifestyle. There are numerous issues that immigrants encounter that create hardships for one, like Trump’s ban on Muslims immigrating into the United States. In addition, regardless the country one immigrates to, an immigrant will encounter the hardest adversity which are sacrifices. In this independent study unit, Barbara Kingsolver’s novel, The†¦show more content†¦This statement, relates to both families in the book and movie, as they experience culture shock in a new environment. Both daughters perspective, shows confusion in their new home, not knowing about the new cultur e they are confronted with. Overall, immigrants experience a culture shock, when moving to another country, displaying one conflict that deal with. Being new to a country, people tend to develop feelings of fear and frustration, with the new circumstances. For example, The Poisonwood Bible the daughters are concerned with moving into the Congo, as the youngest daughter, Ruth May, says, â€Å"Rex Minton said we better not got to the Congo on account of the cannibals natives would boil us in a pot and eat us up† (Kingsolver 21). This excerpt demonstrates fear that is being instilled in Ruth May being afraid that Congo citizens will not accept them, and thinking otherwise about moving to a new country, where it is different. Having friendships and human connections are important in a human’s life. When Ruth May and her sisters cannot make new friendships in Congo, this frustrates them. Additionally, the movie â€Å"In America,† portrays a family in poverty being ne w to the country. In one of the scenes, the family goes to a carnival, and they bet all their money in a game: â€Å"Every cent of every penny we owned, was down for an ET doll worth 30 dollar† (Sherdian). The father and mother’sShow MoreRelatedThe Bible By The Poisonwood Bible981 Words   |  4 PagesMovies and books about missionaries haven’t portrayed missionaries in a positive light. Fiction writers and movie producers have led people on to believe, that missionaries are self-serving and as having specific intentions. One of the prime examples of misrepresenting a missionary; is the book called The Poisonwood Bible. I had to read The Poisonwood Bible in an English class. The Poisonwood Bible is the story of a missionary named Nathan Price and his family. Nathan was Reverend and he was mean to

The Ethical Problems of Gambling Essay example - 883 Words

There are times where gambling can be harmful to yourself and that harm can spread to your friends and family. Gambling can pose problems by inflicting mental and financial harm on a person endowed with the constant need to gamble. There is another way that gambling can effect a person in a negative manner and it includes the physical harm gambling can cause. Gambling is often associated with alcohol consumption especially alcohol consumption that is excessive in nature. Gambling is also associated with smoking. Smoking cigarettes have been proven over time to cause many cancers or other illnesses. However, gambling can be equally as destructive mentally and financially as it is physically harmful. Gambling can be like any other vise such†¦show more content†¦This proves vacationers and regular visitors are not the only people that are attracted to gambling establishments. Criminals are also attracted to the casinos. The movie â€Å"Casino† was made in 1995 and was ba sed on true life events and characters. In the movie, the mob see an opportunity to capitalize on legal gambling in Las Vegas. They use their elected puppets to operate the Tangiers Casino and then skimmed before their records are sent to the IRS. This movie also documents other crimes like murder, extortion, robbery, and torture throughout the time the mob ran certain casinos in Las Vegas. In the Utilitarianism theory, the consequences of promoting gambling and its venues is it will promote greater levels of crime. Therefore, the greater good for the greater amount of people is to severely regulate and monitor gambling and its venues. Gambling has also been linked to increase of tobacco use. â€Å"Among adults in the United States, 12.8% report nicotine dependence, and nicotine dependence is associated with higher rates of impulsivity† (Odlaug, Stinchfield, Golbertein, Grant, 2013). This is startling because gambling addiction is destructive on its own, however add on tobacco use and it can takes its toll on the health of a person. â€Å" Pathological gambling is associated with elevated rates of nicotine dependence (41% to 65%), and tobacco smoking in clinical samples of pathologicalShow MoreRelatedEthical Problems of Gambling816 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Problems of Gambling An addiction to gambling can be as alcoholism and drug addiction. Gambling is a chronic though gradual condition that occurs when an individual is unable to control the impulse to participate in gambling,†­ †¬regardless of the impact that it may have on one†­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¬s life. The disorder frequently leads to stress,†­ †¬extensive debt,†­ †¬a gradually worsened gambling problem especially if the procedure is left untreated. Although gambling has a clear financial effectRead MoreThe Ethical Problems Of Gambling2688 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Gambling has become a serious headache for individuals who are unable to control their desire for the game. Careless gambling has destroyed jobs, relationships and souls. The purpose of this paper is to present the problem factors by discussing the ethical problems of gambling and the difference concepts between Deontology, Virtue Ethics Theories and Relativism Perspective. When you consider the unfortunate ones, this argument is particularly influential. The latest gambling conversationRead MoreEthical Problem with Gambling Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Problems of Gambling SOC 120 Michael Pankrast November 13, 2012 The main focus points of this paper are gambling addiction and crimes perspire through gambling activities. Gambling activities are offered illegally meaning that these activities are taken place without legal authority knowing. However, problems arise when coming in contact with gambling. Problems that arise with gambling are mostly crimes and lies. A brief discussion on a theory that may resolveRead MoreProfitability Analysis Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation of ethical behavior---------------------------------------3 3 Evaluation of profitability analysis---------------------------------4 4 Conclusion and recommendation----------------------------------8 References--------------------------------------------------------------------9 Executive summary This report provides an evaluation of Woolworths in respect of ethical behavior and profitability analysis to fulfill an investor’s ethical requirementRead MoreThe Ethics Of Gambling And Gambling1556 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the ethics of gambling whether in an online setting or in a public setting. Gambling has many benefits for both gamblers and casinos, but it’s crucial to acknowledge the psychological repercussions of gambling as it isn’t always just â€Å"harmless fun.† We can consider the negative and positive implications of gambling on non-gamblers as well. However, how would ethical theories and perspectives differ in their approach to the effects of gambling? When people think of gambling, they usually see flashingRead MoreThe Issue Of The Lottery943 Words   |  4 Pageslottery is one of only a few that operates a compulsive gambling treatment operation as part of its regular operations, employing six problem gambling experts. Five state s require a telephone number for help for problem gamblers be printed on its lottery tickets (National Gambling Impact, 1999). Are the risks too high and are the choices made when gambling beneficial for the greatest number affected versus profitability for the state lotteries, businesses who manufacture goods and services forRead MoreMotivations of Pathological Gamblers1481 Words   |  6 PagesBased on information from the National Opinion Research Center (NORC), the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NGISC) states that there are two and a half million individuals who fall into a state defined as a pathological gambler, another three million are considered problem gamblers, and roughly fifteen million more could be considered â€Å"at-risk† (NORC, 1999). A pathological gambler is one who has a severe uncontrollable urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire toRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Gambling in Pro Sports1660 Words   |  7 PagesGambling in professional sports is an ethical dilemma that needs to be examined from all angles before making a decision on whether to bet or not. Gambling has been a part our society for thousands of years, dating back to the original Olympic Games in Greece. Depending on where you live, there will be different laws regarding the rules of gambling. The story of Pete Rose shows a good example of what can happen to a sports manager that bets on his own team and others in his sport. In this case, thereRead MoreIs Casino Development Moral? Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe legalization of gambling and casino development in communities has become a heated debate topic in recent years. As with any debate, there are two sides presenting valid arguments. The purpose of this paper is to present information from the perspectives of those both in favor of and opposed to the legalization of gambling and casino development in their communities. The paper concludes with the application of ethical theories to help determine the morality of casino development. Positions RegardingRead MoreMovie Review - 211455 Words   |  6 Pagesplaying the game, while the hero is Ben Campbell, a mathematical genius student of Havard Medical School who really needs money to pay his school fees and very good in counting cards which enable him to win every time he plays Black Jack games. The ethical dilemma of Professor Micky Rosa is whether to stop ordering his students to play black jack game, or to pursuit using them as his team to win the game. If he plays the game by without the team, he can win the game but the gain is not as much as if

Physchological Effects of Alcholism Free Essays

The Psychological Effects of Alcoholism There are many people who live a life that is painful and which they want to escape from. Due to this people will often turn to alcohol and abuse the privilege. When people think of the effects of alcohol, they think about the physical effects it has on the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Physchological Effects of Alcholism or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is discussed less frequently, but in some cases equally damaging, is the effect alcohol takes on the mind. Alcoholism will take you on a one way road to failure, which leads to losing a career, family, and most importantly one’s self. Initially, alcohol will increase a person’s confidence. At social gatherings, a person will initiate more conversations, tell funny jokes and feel a sense of acceptance. Unfortunately this is all in their mind; what’s funny to them might really be rude and obnoxious to a sober person. An intoxicated person won’t see how their acting because the alcohol triggers the short release of dopamine. Consequently, the brain will rely on the alcohol to release dopamine for feelings of pleasure and happiness. After continued use of alcohol a person will more often make poor judgment. During their impaired state under the influence, they are likely to lie to people they care about, steal or engage in other destructive mental behavior. While intoxicated, your mind will trick you into believing that your actions are not that bad, leading to a carefree attitude. As a result, a person will have to pay the consequences in jail, the hospital or in a grave. Another downside of an alcoholic is the increased aggression. Violent, aggressive behavior is common among male and sometimes females. The loss of inhibitions, along with the destruction of brain cells caused by drinking can create abusive behavior in alcoholics. As a result, spousal abuse and street fighting are often triggered. There are more shelters opening up for women who are victims of spousal abuse. Often times the abuser will only strike their loved one when intoxicated. Most importantly, alcoholism affects your family and loved ones; the alcoholic is not the only one that gets emotionally scared. An alcoholic doesn’t realize the hurtful words they say, stay in the minds of their children and family. A child’s mind absorbs every detail and growing up in a verbally abusive environment can stunt their development. They have a good chance of growing up with learning and anger management issues. How to cite Physchological Effects of Alcholism, Papers

Marketing and the Church

Questions: 1. Psychologist G.D.Weibe in 1952 raised the question why cant you sell brotherhood like you sell soap? Since this time, marketing has been used to promote anti-smoking, non-profit organisations such as World Vision and mega-churches. What are the challenges of marketing an idea, social cause or church?2. Marketing orientation or the ability of organisations to understand the needs and wants of its customers and meet those needs and wants is the bedrock of contemporary marketing strategy. However, a key challenge for the church is whether to listen to its membership if what they want is contradictory to the principles of the church. For example, should the church emphasise a product orientation (as sin: I know what is right and I will persuade the membership as opposed to the membership knows better, let me adapt)? Discuss.3. Do you believe that CKBC should develop a marketing strategy? If you do, what aspects of marketing strategy should the church concentrate on? If you do not agre e, argue your case.4. Tuck suggests that word of mouth is a crucial component of the promotional tactic. If you were marketing CKBC, how would you develop work of mouth tactics? 5. Critically evaluate and enhance the current marketing strategy and tactics that CKBC engages in. Answers: 1. Marketing has been done in almost all sectors that such as marketing non-profitable organization like NGOs, marketing business to increase customers etc. It is very surprising to note that little marketing has been done to churches to motivate and increase their members. Church leaders belief that telling the congregation the word of God is enough but they should know that here work is like selling a soap which must be done with high convincing of the customers to purchase it. This is great mistake and this may make them lose their followers to other religions. Religious marketing is very important to churches in spreading the gospel and winning soul (Cutler Bob D, 1992). Churches in this century are facing great challenges which include competition from science and technology which has changed the ideology of the public. This has made churches lose many members to other religions. Christianity has been really affected in Australia as the numbers are really diminishing. In the current survey only 64 % of the countrys citizens are Christians. This raises a great alarm to the churches which have to come up with strategies to market themselves to increase members. The churches have tried to market themselves in the media but the public sometimes ignore the message, channels to propel the gospel such as Family Tv have been set up yet very few watch them to get nourished with the word of God. It is very true that the church has lost the taste to many people which is contrary as it should be the salt of the earth. Truly, it is very hard for churches to market their ideas as they have financial constraints. This challenges have made church membership reduce and others have been closed completely. Churches should look new methods of survival just the way the CKBC did of having a website to increase its coverage and has logo for people to distinguish itself in the other organization. It is important to ensure that the church is healthy which is demonstrated by the growth just as healthy plant is noticed through the growth. Churches should have outreaches to reach more people and also crusades and through this they will grow. The growth is noted when churches win more souls for God. The church industry is like a business and like all businesses it should put up strategies to compete effectively and survive in the challenging environment or be extinct (Shaull et al. 2000). 2. Churches are nowadays facing a lot of challenges due to increasing changes in information and technology. People have had diverse thinking which sometimes is contractor to the teachings of the church. This has created divisions among the church members and making churches loose membership. Ideologies have changes and therefore people have gone to areas where they think their interests are well served. Australia had initially high numbers of Christianity but now they have dropped drastically due to different thinking and beliefs brought by technology (MacKenzie et al. 1999). Churches have been caught in dilemma as the leadership tries to weigh whether to teach what the members what to hear or teach what is really written in the scriptures which is the principle of the truth and maybe lose some of its members. This has been a great problem to churches as people have different mindset. If churches become product oriented by preaching the gospel of truth assuming that membership will increase they will be wrong. This is because majority of the people are not attracted with the truth but materials things. Some want to be associated with a famous and well-known church, others want to go to churches which are well constructed and designed, others want to go to churches with pastors well-known world-wide, others want to believe in science and technology instead of the gospel of truth among many others reasons. Churches therefore, to ensure that they retain and attract more members they should be all round by embracing technology and the different peoples ideologies in teaching the principle of truth to ensure that none is left behind. They should persuade the people rather than assuming they know better to avail themselves to the churches. Leaders of churches should have adequet knowledge on how to handle the believers and non-believers to ensure peaceful co-existence of the two groups.They should not condemn but teaches the importance and demerits of the new technology (Allporty Gordon W,196) 3. Yes, the church should develop are marketing strategy to prevent it from losing the members. The main goal of the church to preach the word of God to all the people to inspire them and make them changes their ways of sin. It is very sad to note from the study carried out that the members of CKBC were majorly outside the community it was located in. the church needs strategies to ensure that the local people are members since they are the near most persons. It is also discouraging to know that the numbers of Christians are now 64% and therefore the church should take measures to increase its members and protect the members from denouncing Christianity in Australia. Competition to churches is high as many people are becoming atheists, muslins etc. churches should stand firm and be able to compete effectively and efficiently (Grant Robert M,1991) In order to ensure that it achieve its goals the church should concentrate on impacting skill and knowledge to the members in order for them to help the church in convincing more members. Through this the members may spread the good news to non-members hence ending up convincing them to be members. It should also advertise the church through the website created to enable the public know it better. The church has done well by building a playground as it will be an avenue for meetings and it can mobilize more people to join it (Belch at el. 2003). 4. As Tucks suggests, it true that word of mouth is the greatest means to promote a church to ensure that many people joins it. Firstly, through word of mouth a believer has the ability to influence of convince the other party fully by giving him or her the benefits of the church. Through this way any questions or doubt raised by the other party are answered to their satisfactory. This can motivate the person to be interested to join the church as trust is highly created (Kazmi et al. 2009). Secondly, through this means of advertisement very little resources are need as the cost is low. This would be very effective for the church as it has no large base of finances. Finally, this type of promotion of the church will build its brand name and enable it be known in a wider area as word of mouth spreads very fast. (Wagner, 2013). It is important to note that not all cases of word of mouth advertising become successful. The power of convincing relies on the individual who is the believer and sometimes he or she may fail to convince the other party and portrays a very negative picture unknowingly. this may be through the information he/she gives out or the response of the questions asked. This way the other party may fail to be part of the members of the church and also campaign against the church (Richins, 1983). It is therefore very important to develop a firm tactic to do word of mouth advertising to ensure that you create a positive image of the CKBC church and attract high attendance. To enable people, motivate others to the church they must have adequate knowledge of the church to be able to answer any question posed. They should be caring to the non-members and treat them well not as sinners because they are either non-believers. To attract anyone to listen to your story you have to be presentable and so the members of the church should look clean and smart to convince others easily. Good communication is essential to enable one to communicate the message clearly in a manner easily understandable by all type of people. The church through the leadership should give teachings to the member on how to effectively convince non-members to join them. This method of promotion is very advantageous to small churches to enable them grow and beat the high competition in the society (Nyilasy,2006). 5. Marketing strategy is a means of an organization marketing itself and in this case is the CKBC church method to attract more people to be its members. A good marketing strategy will ensure success of the church while a poor strategy will make the numbers if its members decrease. The church engages in a number of marketing strategies to try and get more congregation. CKBC has renovated the buildings and modern facilities making them very attractive and not a hindrance to the members in terms of limited space. The constructions of buildings with new designs will definitely attract more members as they see the church as growing. It has also put up solar panels to be part of solution to the changing climate changes and not cause problem. This has had a positive attitude to the members of the community and this will attract them to this church. The church has also created a positive culture for visitors giving them priority and attention and this makes them feel a sense of belonging. This will enable them be members loyal to the church and also invite their friend because of the better treatment. It very important to note that all the people need attention just as children. It has been realized that most of the people who join the church have known it through the internet and so a website for the church has been created. This has provided a platform for non-members to be able to know more about the church through the internet. The church new logo created has made the church unique and people can easily identify or know it. Since technology has improved the church will know be known world-wide and this is very important for its expansion as the world as be made as a market place by technology (Melville et al. 2004). The church has done training on leadership among the members and this also improve the welcoming of new members and also the convincing power. All these ways have increased the followers of the church as the members carry out word of mouth promotions to non-members. Due to training this promotional strategy more tactics have been imparted to members to convince more people (Noe et al. 2010). Work Cited Allport, Gordon W. "The religious context of prejudice."Journal for the scientific study of religion5.3 (1966): 447-457. Belch, George E., and Michael A. Belch.Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. The McGraw Hill, 2003. Cutler, Bob D. "Religion and marketing: important research area or a footnote in the literature?"Journal of Professional Services Marketing8.1 (1992): 153-164. Grant, Robert M. "The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation."California management review33.3 (1991): 114-135. Kazmi, S. H. H., and Satish K. Batra.Advertising and sales Promotion. Excel Books India, 2009. MacKenzie, Donald, and Judy Wajcman.The social shaping of technology. Open university press, 1999. Melville, Nigel, Kenneth Kraemer, and Vijay Gurbaxani. "Review: Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value."MIS quarterly28.2 (2004): 283-322. Noe, Raymond A.Employee training and development. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010. Nyilasy, Greg. "Word of mouth: what we really knowand what we dont."Connected marketing(2006): 161-184. Richins, Marsha L. "Negative word-of-mouth by dissatisfied consumers: A pilot study."The journal of marketing(1983): 68-78. Shaull, Richard, and Waldo A. Cesar.Pentecostalism and the Future of the Christian Churches: Promises, Limitations, Challenges. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2000. Wagner, Nancy. "The Advantages of Word-of-Mouth Marketing."Demand Media, Houston Chronicle(2013).

Accident Analysis free essay sample

In March 27, 1977, one of the World’s worst civil aviation disaster happened in the Los Rodeos Airport, Tenerife (in the Canary Islands). Earlier that day a bomb explosion in the terminal building of Las Palmas airport took place which required aircrafts to divert in Tenerife airport. A runway collision took place between the two Boeing 747 airplanes (KLM and Pan American). In this crash, a total of 583 people were killed while 64 people from Pan Am aircraft survived the disaster. In the overview of the accident, human error and the CRM elements involve in the mishap were analyzed to identify the weakness or the factors that contributed to the catastrophic event. The KLM aircraft, a charter flight has landed 45 minutes ago. It has 248 people on-board including the 14 crew members. The Dutch captain of the KLM aircraft had ignored the concerns of his crewmembers. The feeling of tension or pressure for the captain increased considering that the Dutch regulation on time is very strict. We will write a custom essay sample on Accident Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result of these the KLM captain was took off prematurely without clearance. The KLM captain was in a haste to avoid the risk of further interruptions and delay. The captain became complacent and relaxed that he believed taking off immediately was the best decision to do. Due to relatively high stress level the Dutch captain became imprudent and disregarding of the concern of his crewmembers. The assertiveness of the first officer was also a factor on why the captain had not been stop to take off without complete ATC clearance. The fact that the captain has more authority than the first officer gave him the choice to make final decisions. The first officer told the captain to wait as they still not have an ATC clearance. The captain then asked him to request again but while the first officer was still repeating the clearance the captain opened the throttle and started to take off. The co-pilot didn’t become assertive enough to remind the captain that they still have to wait for further instruction before taking off. Instead, the co-pilot accepted the condition that they were already taking off and followed the captain. The ATC communication system and blocked transmission affected and contributed in the process or the turn of the events. There were certainly some inadequacies in the ATC equipment of Tenerife airport. Added to that the airport was crowded and had unusual workload that day. The absence of ground radar together with the problem in visibility in the airport due to heavy fog made the situation even worst. The runway center lights were out of service also during that time. The runway at Tenerife airport has been used as a taxiing lane for these large aircrafts giving them higher risk for accidents. The ATC has poor situation awareness and also poor communication with aircrafts that aggravated the situation. Certainly there are many factors that lead to this accident in Tenerife. The accident could not be blame for just one cause only but due to a string of related events and deficiency. There were human factors in all the systems involve. The KLM was the primary cause of the accident since the aircraft has taken off without take-off clearance. The Pan Am aircraft had also made a mistake by missing the taxiway. The ATC also have problems in their communication system as there are some transmission interruptions or background noises that contribute to their poor performance.   Another human factor in the incident to be considered is the fatigue brought by the situation. Much earlier the captain was angry and the passengers of Pan Am were already unhappy of the situation which required them to transfer to Tenerife airport. The KLM captain on the other hand was reported nervous and uneasy of the situation since he knew that it was forbidden for them to exceed their hour quotas. The fatigue that started from the bomb explosion and the inconvenience to land in Las Palmas airport had affected everyone. The accident could have a greater chance to be prevented if the two aircrafts have made the right decisions and have double check everything. If the Tenerife airport could have been well equip and prepared for that situation it would not have happened. This event has opened the minds of aviation system to improve intensively the CRM and airport facility. Reference â€Å"Tenerife Crash March 27th, 1977† (2008) I001 Crash.com . . Retrieved September 20, 2008, from http://www.1001crash.com â€Å"Human Factors Still The Current Challenge Of The Aviation Industry† (2008) CulturAiles: Human Factors In Air Safety. Retrieved September 20, 2008 from http://www.culturailes.net

Criminal Law in U.S. Society

Criminal Law in U.S. Society Part 1There are many purposes and objectives of criminal law in modern U.S. society. The conflict perspective of criminal law envisions two groups in society: the dominant class and those they dominate. Defining and enforcing crime becomes a means of reproducing the power and socioeconomic inequalities between these groups, as the dominant interests conflict with their subordinates. The group dominating society use their power to formulate laws, to apply these laws to less powerful groups, and to rationalize their behavior as legitimate. Some, like Emile Durkeim, believe crime contributes to fair and orderly functioning within our complex society. This consensus perspective portrays criminal law as a product of social needs and values that operates in the interest of society at large where rules and laws are viewed as serving the needs of a majority of society. In Henry Cheeseman's "Contemporary Business and E-commerce Law" book there are about eight main purposes of the law: keeping the peace, shaping moral standards, promoting social justice, maintaining the status quo, facilitating orderly change, facilitating planning, providing a basis for compromise, and maximizing individual freedom."The Old Bailey, Known Also as the Central Crimina...Whatever one believes is the function of crime, it is widely accepted that law is designed to control behavior, whether it is criminal or civil law.According to lawinfo.com a crime is "an act or omission which is prohibited by criminal law. Each state sets out a limited series of acts (crimes) which are prohibited and punishes the commission of these acts by a fine, imprisonment or some other form of punishment. In exceptional cases, an omission to act can constitute a crime, such as failing to give assistance to a person in peril or failing to report a case of child abuse." Many problems arise when using this legalistic definition. Crime is only relative to when it...

A problem in civil engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A problem in civil engineering - Essay Example The effects of civil engineering to the environment start from its construction to its use i.e. the use of vehicles on the already built roads. All these have contributed to the environmental pollution. The most areas that civil engineering affects in the environment include the air, water and it defragments the habitats. All these effects are the main contributors of climate change (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 29). The main origin of this pollution is the construction sites. This is where all the activities take place. The main products in the construction site are the waste products. Construction is one of the economic activities that use natural resources but it produces wastes to the environment. These wastes are produced in very high quantities that cannot be disposed easily. There accumulation increasing in very short time. These wastes can be in form of gas, sand, stones, ceramic or glass. Other dangerous products include wood treated with metal oxides and the paints. All these wast es are produced in large quantities yet they cannot be recycled. This has given engineers hard times in trying to either to disposes or recycle them. Other products can be recycled but the problem is that they are already contaminated. Civil engineers have been forced to buy some landfills in order to dispose the wastes there. Deposition can be very hard more especially where some people refuse to sell their landfills for deposition (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 34). The construction wastes caused a lot of contamination on both land and the water. During construction, the fluids used are the main pollutants to the environment. At times, these fluids are pumped into the sewage but they also damage the sewage plants. For these plants to be repaired, they require high cost and this cause too much inconveniences to the authorities involved. To avoid all these problems, all waste paint used should be collected and recycled. Furthermore, water used for washing contains a lot of suspensions that may also cause some inconveniences in the sewage treatment. Construction also causes emission of dust and other gases into the air leading to air pollution. With increase in this air pollution, it leads to climate change. Dust can also cause visual impact. This leads to invisibility. Construction sites are also full of noise. Noise is air pollution. Noise is generated by the heavy machineries used for construction. However it is very important to research on the effects of civil engineering on the environment. The main objective of the research is to find the various ways in which the civil engineering activities affect the environment and the possible ways of reducing these effects (Moavenzadeh, 1994, p. 37). Task 2 Despite the positive impacts that civil engineering entails, there are also negative effects that the activity brings to the environment. These negative effects are increase as the civil engineering intensifies in most parts of the world. The need of more civil construc tions has made it difficult to reduce these civil engineering effects on the environment. However, there is a need to look at the way this civil construction affects the climate and to deduce the possible ways to reduce it. Research should be done to identify then factors that accelerate these effects and the ways of controlling the menace should be put in place. The hypothesis of this research is to identify how civil engineering affects the environment a

Building a Catupult Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building a Catupult - Research Paper Example Range : The range is the distance covered by the ball after launch. The maximum range for parabolic path which the ball covers can be obtained at an angle of 45Â °. The horizontal distance from the point of launch to the point where the ball falls gives the range. 2. Trajectory : It is the path covered the ball, from the catapult after the launch the trajectory of the ball is parabolic. 3. Velocity : The rate of change of displacement is termed as the velocity. For a parabolic path the velocity of ball will be taken as the horizontal and vertical component of velocity at different points. 4. Newton’s three laws are applied in the working of the catapult. The first law states an object continues to remain in its state of rest or motion until and unless an external force is applied. The ball starts motion only after the sling or in our catapult the throwing arm is pressed and released and it stops where the forces due to gravity, air resistance etc. stop the ball. Second law st ates that force is directly proportion to the acceleration of the body and acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass, increasing the mass of projectile or ball will decrease acceleration and force required will increase. Third law states that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, the ball accelerates towards earth, the earth also accelerates due to the ball but the acceleration of earth due to ball is so negligible that it does not have any effect. Future engineering: The length of the arm and the overall size can be adjusted proportionately according to the range required to cover. Apart from this depending on the mass of the projectile that has to be thrown the type of material can be selected that withstands the load. May be more of metal than wood next time I rebuild the catapult. This was scope for building advanced catapults according to our range requirements. For more projects in future I would begin with a study of the history of design of the pa rticular project I choose. I’ll then choose the most appropriate kind of design that suits my requirements. After the necessary mathematical calculations according to the conditions and requirements will start with a rough design .The model can be prepared and tested. Changes will be made accordingly as per the results required till we reach close the desired results. Working in team is always efficient than working individually. The best abilities of everyone in the team come together to give good results .Working with a partner enabled to overcome my areas of weakness and we were able to complement each other’s specialisation. Also operating the model that is the catapult in our current project is not possible to handle alone. Once the catapult is fixed to the launching position it is necessary for someone to check the barrier so that the arm doesn’t slip while the other person launches the ball. Then to keep the record of the range ( i.e. the point where the ball falls and the time it takes) someone has to be there to keep a check. Teamwork was also enjoying and less stressful as the partners always encouraged and monitored continuously each other’s mistakes. The project work has been really interesting as the theoretical concepts became clear as we learned to apply them. This also encourages to take up more projects in future and work together to innovate new ideas. Physics involved in the building of catapult : The velocity

Listed Building Consent Application Example

Listed Building Consent Application Example Christina Kleanthous Papademetriou   Keepers Lodge Canterbury Road, Denton with Wootton, Kent, CT4 6QZ Contents Introduction Information and Background Purpose of the study Listed Buildings Legislative Background Significant Findings Significant Issues Historical Background and Heritage 2.0 Historical Context, Aesthetic Context, Communal Context Description of Buildings Important Figures and Decorative Interior Description and Characteristics Exterior Description and Characteristics The Proposal Implications and The Justifications Description of the Proposal Implication of the Proposal Justification of the Proposal Methodology for Grand Application Details for achieving the project architecturally Design Details and Planning 5.0 Conclusion 6.0 Appendix, Drawings and Illustrations 7.0 Bibliography Introduction 1.1 Information and Background Keepers Lodge, Denton with Wootton Description: Keepers Lodge for Denton Court Listed Grade: II* First Listed on: 28th of May in 1987 English Heritage Building ID: 178568 OS Grid Reference: TR2155546979 OS Grid Coordinates: 621555, 146979 Location Coordinates: 51.1791, 1.1685 Located in: A260, Wootton, Kent CT4 6QZ Area / Zone: Denton with Wootton Responsible Authority: Dover District Council Region: Kent, England Postcode: CT4 6QZ List entry Number: 1070010 The building is a Mid-19th (1842) Century Building, combining characteristics from three different architectural styles, mainly a Victorian designed building (1837-1901) with decorative characteristics from the Gothic Revival (1840-1880) and the Italianate Style (1840-1885). It is used as the Keepers Lodge, originally property of Denton Court and its gardens. The Jettying design is what is mostly seen in its exterior and interior with a painted cement rendering with an applied frame and tiled roof. It has an identical for the time T-shaped plan in a characteristic Old English style Decoration of the time. It is an one story building with an extended attic as well. It is built on a plinth supporting base with central stack and 2 gabled dormers. Decorative three light oriels are located to the left side of the buildings interior and trilateral oriels located to the right side on the ground floor. The main door is a half- glazed arched door and its surrounded by a gabled porch. [1] Keepers Lodge is located halfway among Canterbury and Folkestone, lies in a valley surrounded by the Denton Woods Park that runs from North to South and the hills that rise to both East and West, on the rear right side of A260 road exposed to the extremely busy main road which connects Canterbury to Folkestone, which runs through the Denton Woods and the Centre of the villages Wootton, Denton and Selstead and the fast traffic makes a dangerous environment for the property, especially with no fence or any other kind of protection available. The property is located in between the three villages, just 2km outside Selstead, 3km outside Wootton and 5km outside Denton, where horses and sheep can be seen feeding on the slopes of the village park and woods. It is an Outstanding Natural Beauty Listed Area and any property or figure in the whole village is closely controlled. It is yet unknown of who designed the building originally, and further down to its existence. The legal owners of the building are the owners of Denton Court. The present owner of the Court is George and Francisca Gosling. Although owning the Keepers lodge as well, it has been out for sale since 1995, without managing to sell the property just yet. Currently the building is still used as a residence, but without a permanent tenant, which puts the property at risk, as its structure and skin (window frames, paint, roofing), started collapsing and showing a significant damage that needs taking care off. Unfortunately, there is no pending application or interest in preserving the property at the moment, neither for specific elements of it nor the whole property in general. 1.2 Purpose of the study Listed Buildings This Listed Building Consent Report is a heritage and design statement, which has been prepared in regards with the stage of the property currently with no intention of preserve or restore the property, and the fact that a further damage will affect its character and appearance as a building of special architectural and historic interest. In addition, this report also mentions the concern in regards with the conservation and restoration of important figures of the building, which are in a risk stage, such us the roof, the windows and the significantly important satyr-corbels. Both its interior and exterior are prime example of early Victorian Architecture, and to refurbish elements of the entire building, is of high importance. The property is a Grade II* listed building, located towards Denton Historic Village, a village listed as an area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and any building is tightly controlled and listed as a historic building of important heritage characteristics. As a Grade II* Listed building, makes the property a particularly important building of more than just special interest, only 5.5% of listed buildings are Grade II*, but also, and more important, is that it is among the small percentage of 0.2% of the listed buildings listed although built after 1842. This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest and categorized as a National Park Property and Entity as well. The nature of the property, its style and its decorative detailing, which incorporates a number of distinct elements with different features, and the extent of the proposed works have driven the purpose of this document. A full list, illustrations and drawings of each figure and decorative to follow in the next chapters. 1.3 Legislative Background In the first years of peace after 1825 something like a cultural revolution happened, which changed the form and content of cultural production in England. This social and economic change, trigged by the French Revolution, released the Picturesque and Romanticism as a status in the design field and of course in the way the world perceived communities and how they wanted them to look like. The Victorian Idea was the one who rejected the cold and proud neo-medievalism of the early Gothic Revival, and instead, it was the one promoting heritage consciousness and the notion of providing and building houses with a national identity and characteristics that will last in time and are derived from national perceptions and alikes, hence Henry III preferences in design as a reference. [2] All Districts in England take the above very seriously and try to protect as much as possible any heritage of importance, especially if they are an outstanding architectural or historic building of national interest, or if they have an important material in use. The legislation laws in Dover District states that a delicate amendment or extension to allow the continued use or new use of a listed building is acceptable and allowed, in order to safeguard the special character of a listed building, but after of course the appropriate building consent application is issued and approved for any interior, exterior changes, or demolition of any part of it. For Keepers Lodge of Denton Court, until today, the only previous applications for alterations submitted was one, requesting: A) A proposal for the construction of 2 dormers and structural repairs incorporating wall buttresses and wall ties. The application was submitted by Mr. G Gostling on the 26th of August 1988, and permission was granted by the case officer Tim Flisher on the 19th of October 1988. B) Two further Proposal Appeals were made requesting Tidying of Roadside Fencing and to reduce and clean one Lime Tree in a Conservation Area, but the only information available state that the appeals are on a Decided2 State without any further information available for the public. 1.4 Significant Findings Anyone who would like to know and get a first insight of how the original Victorian Jettying Style Buildings look like in Englands Architectural Heritage, could look in examples such as the Keepers Lodge of Denton Court and the whole Denton Historic Village as well, and perceive the details and characteristics relatively easily. [3] Jettying as a distinguishing characteristic of many historic buildings is mostly seen in buildings build between 15th 16th century and 18th-19th century, for timber framed buildings. The distinguishing heavy appearance had an impressive influence in the appearance of the historic centers of England, in places such as Kent, Chester, York and Shrewsbury. [4] Although a house of small dimensions, and not expected to last until today, its original design and method of construction remains visible today, making it a prime example of reference for its purpose. [5] This specific style used in Keepers Lodge in Denton, and seen in several buildings of its time, is the identical box-framed type house, an innovative high quality method of its construction, building type. Its characteristics include a hall running, from ground to roof, through the center of the house. The house is jettyed all round with huge wooden supports reinforced in the attic over the central hall. This strong late medieval and early Tudor home is shielded by a hipped, tiled roof, and was built by yeomen, matching the plan of the main Denton Court house. Buildings located in the south-east of England and Kent more specifically, even relatively small housing and farms, carry upon them, the idea to build houses of comfort, security and craftsmanship. [6] This box-frame style, allowed the house to be up to three full height floors and to provide an easy construction of wings. Its name -box-frame- was derived from the fact that the core vertical supports are detained in place by it s horizontal beams.[7] 1.5 Significant Issues The property is currently not occupied by any tenant, which puts the property at risk, as it has no one to preserve the propertys significant characteristics and take care of any damages cause by time or weather, cause to the property. Because of this issue, the Dover District has no intention of preserving Keepers lodge, or take care of the damages caused on the roof, window frames and on the port decorative figures, because there are no applications submitted, or anyone showing interest of care for the Lodges stage. 2.0 Historical Background and Heritage Historical Context The beautiful Victorian Structure lies to the South of the Denton village and cannot be seen from the village itself, but rather from the road towards the village. The Denton Court and its Keepers Lodge are a very antique-decorated style buildings and were a significant of importance and style properties since 1086 for the Denton Court, and since the start of its construction for the Keepers lodge. The owners and tenants of the properties were important figures of history since the start of its construction such us, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, King Edward as tenant and Ralph de Curbespin as sub-tenant. When the Bishop fell into degradation, all his properties and belongings were taken away by the crown, and thats when the Denton Court and the entire land was given to Gilbert Magimot but with all lands been under the Kings ownership. Throughout the following years between 1087 to 1792, the land and any building currently build in it, changed several hands, until it ended up in 1792 to Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges who refurbished, repaired and added additions to the mansion of Denton Court, such us for example new gardens around the house. As the first private owner of both the Denton Court, Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges introduced the idea of building the keepers lodge for the Denton Court in 1792, but came into existence much later on, in 1842 by other members of the family, who wished to complete the plans Sir. Brydges had for the property. As the most important owner of the property, Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, an English author and genealogist, member of Parliament for Maidstone from 1812 to 1818. He was a founding member of the Roxburghe Club, a publishing club of well-off bibliophiles. He was announced as a Knight Grand Commander of the Equestrian, Secular, and Chapterial Order of St. Joachim in 1807 and was mad e a baronet on 27 December 1814, few years before dying in 1839. [8] After 1810, the whole property carried on being under the Brydges family but it had different families as temporary tenants. William Willats bought both properties and its gardens in 1867 and retouched and rebuild anything that needed restoration in both properties, without modifying the original architecture in which they were build. The gables located on the west side were restored and new structure was added. The central faà §ade though, was changed to face south as an alternative to the west that used to face, so that when passing in front of it from the highway you only see the west side of the building. When William Willats passed away, he left his property to his son, and it was since then passed from to the next generations of the family, until todays owners the brother and sister George and Francisca Gosling. [9] There are several stories said for the small Lodge house, such us that there is blood marked on the stairs, and its still visible, where previous owners during WW1, two brothers, one killed the other on the stairs. A story that was never confirmed, but always draws the curiosity of several visitors of the area. Also, another interesting fact for the property is that one of the visiting residences was the poet Gray, were he restored the lodge to an exceptional state when he was living there with additions such us new adjoining grounds. Lastly, a more recent representation of the building, at its current stage, was featured in TV in Treasure Hunt where there was a clue buried within the lodge. A further search of 500m around the property was done by using the Heritage Gateway Website and no further information about the property or the listing was found when it comes to its historic background. [10] Aesthetic Context The visible South facade, the entrance and the gardens of the property form a significant part of the street scene. As the first property to be seen before entering the historic village of Denton, it provides us with a first insight of the architecture and the characteristics of every building, located in the village, beforehand. The common features of the buildings design, offered in advance by the street, in terms of construction method, material, style, roofing, windows and framing. Away from the property, as soon as you enter Denton, the picture is more varied. Although all buildings are derived from the same architectural era, you see a variety of different roofing materials, wood colors, window styles, some buildings are well preserved and some others not, which makes the village an interesting case study. Nevertheless, is still a beautiful combination of Victorian architecture, old and more recent build. Communal Context Dover District Council focuses on the appearance and preservation of the properties within its Conservation and Heritage Area, as its ethics believe in contributing to the sense of treating a city / town / village as a historic monument and keeping it attractive for locals and tourists as well. The Council issued a Historic Map covering Denton, with Denton Court and Keepers Lodge visible, hand-drawn, in 1896 by the cartographers of the Ordnance Survey. Description of Buildings Important Figures and Decorative 3.1 Interior Description and Characteristics The Interior of the lodge can be described as extremely traditional for its style with significant characteristics; with a skirting board half-way up on the walls and a picture frame around the ceiling, featuring engraved animal, bird or floral prints on the wooden frame. The floor is a mid-toned polished floorboard with a large patterned carpet in the middle of the floor leaving the polished floorboard t be seen only as a border and only. In general, the colors within the rooms are soft, subdued tones, nothing too bright or intense. Delicate gray, lavender and light natural teal color, which give a warmer feeling inside. The pro-hall, living room and the kitchen are full with accessories, soft furnishings and decorations such as framed photographs and pictures, floral vases and souvenirs, carved mahogany, walnut and oak furniture, quite significant for Victorian architecture. Last but not least, the big fireplace in the living room attracts every visitors eye when walking inside, es pecially because of his outstating engraved from nature scenes wooden frame of the fireplace. 3.2 Exterior Description and Characteristics The exterior design links the building with the rest of the village, although distant, as during Victorian period homes typically looked very similar because they were designed to be linked together. An outstanding, well-known for its architectural style period, jettied gable, and the frame covering the whole structure of the building, is decorated with satyr-corbels, along with perforated barge-board and patterned frame. Lastly, a decorative outstanding detail of the building, is the embellished canted bay located on the ground floor, the sash windows, the slate roof and its white colored brick which adds to its exterior a more interesting aesthetic to visitors. The Proposal Implications and The Justifications 4.1 Description of the Proposal It is hard not to love Victorian buildings because of their characteristic ornate architecture, their elegant proportions and sophisticated detailing. It is well known that they were built to be admired, and theyve rise the test of time, too. Having all these in mind, firstly the lodge needs a proper re-touch. A proper care needs to be taken into consideration for the special Victorian roofing of the property and its engraved ending detailing, its beautiful port decorative characteristics, stair, windows and wall engravings and also a proper preservation of the outstanding for its time-and age satyr-corbels. Preserving a home that is 175 years old entails substantial work, and working with the best contractors and products specialized on this manner. [11] As the property is not owned or occupied by any tenant, a public use is what I believe will give to the property the appropriate value and use, and most importantly represent the important heritage and architectural style it represents. The Lodge, as mentioned before, is located in the middle of a National Park, near two historic villages, commonly visited by tourists interested in English heritage, professional historians or even cyclists passing by the park, my suggested use of the building would be a small Tea-Library Room. 4.2 Justification of the Proposal Tearooms in England are usually small restaurants where non-alcoholic drinks and light meals are served, usually in buildings where they have a specific character, internally and externally, and with significant aesthetics and dignified atmosphere. Tea is a significant feature of the British culture and it has been for centuries one of the worlds utmost tea consumers and flavor inventors. Thinking of the buildings location, neither a pub or a different type of shop would the users of the area or people passing by would use or need. The suggestion of combining the Tea Room with walls full of books to give it the use of a library as well, derived from the buildings past, as a dedication to its first owner, Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, who was an author and a bibliophile. This combination describes perfectly the English Culture; enjoying a cup of tea, in a Victorian Architecture building, in the middle of a national park, while reading a book. Although the external style of a building may be its most attractive and noticeable aspect and its public face, its interior is even more vital in the buildings history and heritage identity. Exactly because of its interior, this property would be ideal for this use and to be a prime example of its use and its architectural style. [12] 4.3 Implication of the Proposal The current stage of the property does not support the proposal of being turned into tea-room library which needs an approved kitchen supported-facility, a second fire exit, and an additional support structure to be added on the walls, in order to support the extra weight of the books that will be placed on the walls. From the Heritage Lottery Fund website, we found out that Eating and drinking businesses are between 71% to 79% more likely to be found in a listed building than in a non-listed, in towns, mainly due to the fact that an attractive interior and an important heritage identity aesthetically environment, brings more customers and visitors to the building, especially if its a non-museum or retail shop one. Which means that those difficulties and implications are not hard to overcome, as long as the appropriate measures and consideration is taken. [13] 4.4 Methodology for Grants and Funds Application Rather than leave such a beautiful piece of architecture to collapse, this proposal would be highly beneficial to the community of Denton due to rising the use of the area and provide a development to the area, which is expected to increase the visitor numbers. Because this project is a small-scale one, finding the appropriate funding organisation to support the proposed project, will not be difficult to find, and a trust that can afford it. In this specific case, funding becomes a matter of public fundraising from locals, donations from book and writers associations, private financing or small grants. One of the most obvious additional funding source for this is the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF). The HLF is the public organisation responsible for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, who are responsible for monuments and listed buildings conservation. From an appropriate study of the HLF and whom they fund, it appears that the above proposal fits their conditions for funding: According to the HLF there are a few grants that Keepers Lodge Tea and Library House could apply for, but because the application process is quite complex, the decision on funds is not an easy one to get or granted. But because of being an important source of funding for heritage projects, the budget available according to the HLF per year for these projects is  £375million. Surely the lodge can be considered at-risk and under used, and bec ause of Denton being a Historic village and an area of economic deprivation, is an advantage for the application process for funding this project. The application process has two rounds: On Round one the application is submitted were it has to clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme suggested and also to demonstrate how the redevelopment of the building will contribute to the development of both, the area and to the heritage of England. Round two consists of the development of the project and the period were the project is supposed to and follow the proposed and agreed plan. There is also another more specific option to for collecting funds for the regeneration of such a project by committees such us; The Educational Grants Directory, The Grants Register, A Guide to Grants for Individuals in Need, The Youth Funding Guide and the Directory of Grant Making Trusts; All the above are Private Library and Community Trusts which fund projects that provide or improve community spaces, cultural facilities and places for outdoor recreation, or grants of between  £300 and  £10,000 for community running projects in the UK that allows people to take part in arts, sports, heritage or literature, or promote education, the environment or health in the local community. Although the proposed redevelopment of the Keepers lodge will more certainly cost more than  £10,000, a request and application to more than one of the above Trusts will be necessary. The most important key feature in grants and funds applications to any organisation is a strong management of the application plan. Although big organisations such as HLF, offer advisory and mentoring services, in smaller ones, this might not be an option and the decision on wherever the application will be approved or not would be relied to the applicants clear illustration of everything important and necessary into its application. Financial data need to be provided, new architectural plans need to be comprehensively discussed with clear drawings in place for the organisation and obtaining of the works, and also a full detailing of all expenditure planned to be spend on the whole project as well. 4.5 Details for achieving the project architecturally Design Details and Planning Exterior Design Outdoor Dining and associated outdoor waiting area Main entry and fire exit Services, utility infrastructure and storage area Pedestrian-vehicular circulation system and parking Exterior Retouch Because the setback from the street is evident, and the Lodge is surrounded by a very big open space the addition/creation of a backyard outdoor dining space is suggested, along with a small bar on the backyard as well, which can be used as reception as well for summer use of the outdoor area. A Shading for the outdoor dining should be integrated with the main structure. A small reception area will be added by the main entrance within the pro-hall for greeting the guests and visitors, and also, as the kitchen has two windows, one of them till be turned into a fire exit for safety purposes and also straight access to the outdoor backyard as well. Service area and storage area should be added as part of the design requirements, and it is suggested that an extension is added at the back of the kitchen, hidden from public eye, in order not to interfere with the beauty of the structure itself. The introduction of an appropriate parking is required for a logical and safe vehicular and pedestrian circulation pattern throughout the site that minimizes conflicts. The external walls roof and windows needs replacing, because of their age they started falling down and their damages is visible and dangerous for public use. Interior Design Modification of the single used kitchen to an equipped integrated kitchen Architectural cladding treatment and ventilation system Bathroom alterations requirements Transformation of living room walls to bookshelves from floor to ceiling for library purposes New refrigerator space and introduction will be needed because of the change to the use of the kitchen to cooking for a lot of people, along with keeping inside drinks etc. The working tops should be increased from 25cm that are currently to 50cm as stated by law, and replaced to stainless-steel material for health and safety requirements. As the building is under danger because of not been treated properly, before opening the building to the public, a proper treatment to its cladding and also windows should be replaced for better ventilation and safety purposes. No need of introduction of new ones is needed. The bathroom is located next to a medium size storage area, which both can be merged in order to create a bigger in size bathroom. Although requirements state that two bathrooms are required, because of the buildings size and use it is not necessary as long as the current one is upon the standards for male, female and disable access. The interior design of the building is beautiful as it stands so its dominant existing character will be kept and preserved. The introduction of the bookshelves will be done with the appropriate material which is oak wood to match the rest of the building and give the feeling of an old library and the aesthetics will be perfectly represented. [1] Historic England Website Listing of Keepers Lodge, Denton KEEPERS LODGE, Denton with Wootton 1070010| Historic England, accessed December 18, 2016 [2] Mandler. P., The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home, (New Haven and London, 1997) [3] Brittain-Catlin, T., The English Parsonage in the Early Nineteenth Century, (In Association with English Heritage Reading 2008) [4] Mandler. P., The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home, (New Haven and London, 1997)

The Criminal Justice Process

Abstract This paper describes all the steps taken during the criminal justice process. It explains how important it is to follow due process according to the bill of rights. During this process suspects are put through a series of steps, some within hours of an arrest and some may take days, weeks, and or months. The criminal justice process is numerous steps taken to process a criminal case beginning with an investigation and arrest. An investigation is done by the police and they must gather enough evidence to identify a suspect in order to make an arrest. In most cases, criminals are not arrested on the scene of a crime, they are apprehended later (Schmalleger, 2011). In cases like this, an arrest warrant is issued by a judge if there is enough probable cause to make an arrest. Probable cause is the legal requirement for an arrest connecting a suspect to a particular crime. Arrest is always done with discretion and is a serious step in the criminal justice process. During an arrest defendants are warned of their Miranda Rights prior to questioning. Police feel they are on safe ground by advising suspects of their rights immediately after arrest; however an arrest without questioning does not require a warning (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Following an arrest, suspects are booked. The booking process is an administrative procedure. It includes pictures being taken, fingerprints, and personal information is recorded such as date of birth, address, weight and height. Details of charges are put on the arrest record. Suspects are advised to sign a form with each right stated. The second step in the criminal justice process is pretrial activities, which can take place within hours of the arrest. In this step a suspect will make their appearance before a magistrate where the judicial officer will tell them of the charges against them and once again is advised of their rights and may be offered bail. If a suspect post a bond on first appearance they may not flee, otherwise the cash deposit or property bond will be ordered to forfeit the posted cash or property (Schmalleger, 2011). Suspects who have serious crimes and are not afforded bail are taken to jail to wait for the next step which is a preliminary hearing. During the first appearance, defendants who can’t afford a lawyer will be appointed one. During the third step, preliminary hearing is a process where enough sufficient evidence must be established and exist against the suspect to continue in the criminal justice process. The defense has a chance to analyze the strength of the prosecution case and may request a plea bargain. This is also where the prosecution has a chance to build a case against the suspect and presents any evidence and may offer a plea bargain. The fourth step in the criminal justice process is indictment by grand jury. This is when the prosecutor has enough probable cause to prosecute a capital offense. During indictment, a defendant or a defendant lawyer does not have a right to be present at grand jury proceedings. Another option a prosecutor may take is filling a charge document called information. This is to determine if there is enough evidence to warrant a trial. A defendant and attorney can be present at the information hearing to dispute the charges (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Step five in the criminal justice process is arraignment by a judge. This is when a defendant enters a plea of guilty, not guilty or no contest (nolo contendere). An arraignment is conducted in open court and the indictment or information on the charge is read to the defendant. Step six, adjudication. This step points out that every criminal has a right to trial by jury. If there is doubt based on reason the accused is entitled to be acquitted. The standard of evidence for a criminal conviction is guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In most jurisdictions, criminal cases never come to trial (Schmalleger, 2011). Some states allow trials for less serious offenses before a judge, called a bench trial. In other cases, a jury is said to be deadlocked, and a judge will declare a mistrial. Step seven is sentencing by a judge. If the accused is found guilty, a judge will impose a form of punishment. Possible sentences include a fine, probations, a period of incarceration in jail or prison or some have a combination of supervision of the community and incarceration. Criminals found guilty, of one or more charges are ordered to serve one sentence after another is completed called a consecutive sentence. Or there sentence may run at the same time, called concurrent sentence (Schmalleger, 2011). In many cases convictions are appealed and filed by attorneys in appellate court and then ruled on appellate judges. If the appellate reverses a case, the case returns to trial court for retrial. The appeal process can be very complex and can involve both federal and state judiciaries. Even if a prosecutor drops the charges, the defendant can still be prosecuted later as long as the statue of limitations for the crime the defendant is being accused of committing hasn’t run out. Appeals are based on the defendants claim that rules of procedure were not follow properly at some earlier stage in the criminal justice process. The last but not least process is corrections. Punishment and or rehabilitation processed by local, state or federal correctional authorities. Once an offender has been sentenced, the corrections stage begins. Most inmates do not serve the complete term and are released before their maximum sentence expires (Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010). Inmates are assigned to confinement facilities and treatment programs. Not all offenders end up in prison. Some are ordered to prison and then have their sentences suspended and a probation term imposed. Offenders who have served a portion of their time may be freed on probation or parole. If conditions of probation or parole are not met, it will be revoked and result in more jail time. In conclusion the criminal justice process is to be conducted with fairness and equality, the due process. This process must recognize the individual rights of criminal defendants facing prosecution by state or federal government. Due process is what guarantees the fifth, sixth and fourteenth amendment. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without the due process of law, and each state is bound and required to respect the due process rights of United States citizens who come under their jurisdictions. There are many more suspects and defendants than inmates. Wiley Publishing, 2000-2010) The Criminal Justice Process Chart References Schmalleger, F. (2011) Criminal justice today: An Introductory text for the 21st century (11th ed. ) Upper Saddle River, NY: Pearson Prentice Hall Cliff Notes (2000-2010) The Process of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on October 19, 2010 from http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/The-Process-of-Criminal Justice. topicArticleId-10065,art icleId-9909. html New Jersey Judiciary (2001) The Criminal Justice Process. Retrieved on October 19, 2010 From http://www. judiciary. state. nj. us/criminal/crproc. htm

Cons of Playing Video Games Essay

Video game is a series of 2D or 3D world created by author or editor to allow public experience by representing as a person or animal inside. In my humble opinion, playing video games have more cons than pros. My essay will tell you that playing video games have more cons because it wasting time, cause indulgence, side effect on body health and cause volatility. In the 21 century, video games not only available for boys, it is also already become part of the girl’s life style. Although most of the teenagers like to play video games, but playing video games is actually wasting our time. Commonly, video game is story style and continuously. So, we will need a lot of time to finish one chapter or complete a task. Regarding to that, our time to doing our homework or revision becomes less. Students may be scolded by teacher or being demerit for not completing their homework. Finally, the result of the students may be affected. Playing video games will also cause indulgence. The interesting story lines encourage people to indulge in video games. They usually play the video games until forget to eat, wash and rest. Some of them even play the video games until the whole day. This endangers one person life. Among these few month, there are report on teenager die in front of computer and the causes of death is due to play video games three days non-stop. The main reason is do not have enough rest. Besides that, playing video games for long term will also cause side effect or negative effect on body health. One of the effect is eating without follow the actual time. When playing video games, a person will always play until forget the time and miss out the lunch time and dinner time. Sitting in front of the computer for a long period of time without moving will also increase the risk of obesity and give burden to the spiral cord. Tiredness of eye and fingers are also caused by looking at the screen and typing for too long, At the other sides, video games also encourage teenager to involve in volatility. Many of the video games contain volatile issues like video games that involving fight and guns. If a person cannot control himself, he will slowly follows the attitude of the character inside and involves in volatile. Teenager probably will also unable to come back to reality world as the illusion world in video games are always perfect as it can be change according our favorable. In conclusion, playing video games have more cons than pros. Teenagers must not be besotted video games too much. In fact, they should spend their time on enjoying their teenager’s life.

Human Resources Department Of Personnel Essay - 1802 Words

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